Critical hit

For the achievement, see Critical Hit.

A critical hit with a shortsword.

Critical hits occur when an attacker rolls a natural 20 on their attack roll. Critical hits automatically land regardless of the target's armour class, and the attacker also rolls twice the normal number of dice to determine damage dealt.

While initially a stochastic game mechanic, a number of features, abilities, and items allow one to manipulate the odds of scoring a critical hit. Combined with effects that make critical hits themselves stronger, building around critical hits can be a valid strategic option.

Mechanics

Any ability which uses an attack roll, including spell attacks, is capable of landing a critical hit. Any dice that are rolled for damage, including additional dice such as those from smites or combat manoeuvres, are rolled twice. Abilities with multiple attack rolls like  Slashing Flourish or  Scorching Ray can have multiple critical hits, with each attack rolling independently of the other.

Flat modifiers and bonuses to damage – including one's relevant ability score modifier and proficiency bonus – are not doubled. Attacks that deal a flat amount of damage rather than a die roll, such as Familiars, can roll critical hits but do not deal extra damage on doing so.

Reducing critical threshold

Some feats, passive features, and items reduce the critical hit threshold by 1, allowing the attacker to land critical hits by rolling either 19 or 20 on attack rolls. Multiple sources of this effect stack, allowing the critical hit threshold to go lower than 19.

Equipment

Weapons

• Bloodthirst → Improved Critical
• Duellist's Prerogative → Elegant Duellist (while off-hand is empty)
• Knife of the Undermountain King → Organ Rearranger
• The Dead Shot → Improved Critical
• Unseen Menace (while the weapon is  invisible)

Cloaks

• Shade-Slayer Cloak → Stealthy Critical (while  Hiding)

Armour and headgear

• Covert Cowl → Covert Critical (while Obscured)
• Dark Justiciar Helmet → Covert Critical (while Obscured)
• Sarevok's Horned Helmet → Deathbringer's Sight

Conditions

•  A Most Bloody Inheritance - Critical threshold reduced by 2, available only to the The Dark Urge origin.

Consumables

• Elixir of Viciousness - Reduces the number needed to roll a Critical Hit by 1.

Class features

•  Improved Critical Hit - Level 3 passive for the Champion Fighter subclass.
•  Hexblade's Curse - Reduces critical threshold by 1; this can be applied through two Hexblade level 1 features:
  •  Hexblade's Curse - Directly apply  Hexblade's Curse for 10 turns with a  Bonus Action ( Recharge: Short rest)
  •  Bind Hexed Weapon - 20% chance to apply  Hexblade's Curse for 10 turns when landing an attack with a  Hexed Weapon.

Feats

•  Spell Sniper - Spell attacks only.

Illithid Powers

•  Fierce Perilous Stakes - Target's critical threshold is reduced by 5, but this also makes the caster vulnerable to all damage. Multiple applications of this feature stack.

Maximising critical hit value

Increasing likelihood of critical hits

Any effect that triggers a re-roll of an attack die increases the likelihood of landing a critical hit. Attacking with Advantage almost doubles the likelihood of rolling a critical. Features that allow for situational rerolls, like  Halfling Luck, similarly increase the odds. Reducing the critical threshold increases chances of scoring a critical hit accordingly; taking into account advantage and multiple attacks, the odds of hitting at least one critical with a character in one round of combat are as follows:

Critical Hit Threshold	Chance without Advantage	Chance with Advantage	Two attacks with advantage	Three attacks with advantage
20	5%	9.75%	18.55%	26.49%
19	10%	19%	34.39%	46.86%
18	15%	27.75%	47.8%	62.29%
17	20%	36%	59.04%	73.79%
16	25%	43.75%	68.36%	82.20%
15	30%	51%	75.99%	88.24%
14	35%	57.75%	82.15%	92.46%

Additional effects on critical hit

On the other side of things, some effects add an additional value to critical hits when they occur.

Passives

•  Brutal Critical and  Savage Attacks add an extra damage die to the damage of the attack, i.e. an attack dealing 1d10Bludgeoning will critically deal 2d10 + 1d10Bludgeoning. Additional damage dice, like those from battle manoeuvres, are not subject to this additive bonus, with the exception of  Divine Smite.
•  Great Weapon Fighting rerolls damage die for two-handed melee weapons, when rolling a 1 or 2.
•  Great Weapon Master: Bonus Attack enables an attack using a bonus action, after a critical hit.
•  Mortal Reminder possibly frightens enemies on critical hit.
•  Savage Attacker rerolls all damage die twice.

Actions and spells

•  Paralysing Critical paralyzes a target on critical hit, once per long rest.

Equipment

• Blightbringer inflicts  Slowed on critical hit.
• Clown Hammer inflicts  Hideous Laughter on both target and user on critical hit.
• Craterflesh Gloves adds 1d6Force to critical hits, itself doubled as it is adding an additional damage die.
• Dolor Amarus adds a flat damage boost of 7 to critical hits.
• Intransigent Warhammer knocks creatures prone in a radius on critical hit.
• Spellthief restores a level 1 spell slot on critical hit.
• Sword of Life Stealing adds a flat damage boost to critical hits and adds temporary hit points.
• Vicious Battleaxe adds a flat damage boost of 7 to critical hits.
• Vicious Shortbow adds a flat damage boost of 7 to critical hits.

Guaranteed critical hits

There are also several ways to guarantee a critical hit.

•  Assassinate: Ambush against  Surprised creatures
•  Exposing Bite, on the next attack made from within melee range
• Killer's Sweetheart once per Long Rest after killing a creature
•  Luck of the Far Realms once per Long Rest
• Melee-range attacks against Paralysed or  Sleeping targets
  •  Clench of the North Wind
  •  Hold Monster
  •  Hold Person
•  Scarlet Saturation once per Long Rest after consuming the +3 bonus from  Scarlet Remittance
•  Wild Magic: Enchant Weapons

Negating critical hits

A natural 20 treated as a regular attack roll.

Some equipment prevent attackers from landing critical hits when worn. When a natural 20 is rolled against the wearer, instead of automatically landing, the roll is simply treated as a 20. All attack roll modifiers are applied, and the roll is compared against the wearer's armour class as with any other attack roll. Therefore, while wearing equipment that prevents critical hits, a high enough armour class makes it possible to always be missed by attack rolls, even if a natural 20 is rolled.

Guaranteed critical hits are also affected by these equipment items. ^{[Needs Verification]} Conditions such has sleeping and hold person, which would normally provide a critical hit on any attack roll, will no longer do so. However, Luck of the Far Realms will still allow for a critical hit if the attack lands.

Equipment

Armour and headgear

• Adamantine Scale Mail
• Adamantine Splint Armour
• Grymskull Helm
• Helldusk Helmet
• Helm of Balduran

Shields

• Adamantine Shield

See also

• Advantage - For more on the calculations behind critical successes, misses, and advantage.